Summary
As online attacks grow in volume and sophistication, the United States is expanding its cybersecurity efforts. Cybercriminals
continue to develop new ways to ensnare victims, whereas nation-state hackers compromise companies, government agencies, and
businesses to create espionage networks and steal information. Threats come from both criminals and hostile countries, especially
China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea.
Much is written on this topic, and this CRS report directs the reader to authoritative sources that address many of the most
prominent issues. The annotated descriptions of these sources are listed in reverse chronological order, with an emphasis on
material published in the past several years. This report includes resources and studies from government agencies (federal, state,
local, and international), think tanks, academic institutions, news organizations, and other sources:
Full document: https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R44408.pdf
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